Plantain (Plantago spp.)

Healing Beneath Your Feet

Broadleaf Plantain (Plantago major)

Narrowleaf Plantain (Plantago lanceolata)

Common Names: Plantain, Ribwort, White-man's Footprint, Englishman's Foot, Fleawort

Step outside, and chances are you will find a humble yet powerful healer growing underfoot. Often dismissed as a pesky weed, this resilient little herb has been a staple in herbal medicine for centuries. Whether soothing irritated skin, calming a rebellious stomach, or offering gentle respiratory support, plantain is the weed you never knew you needed.

A Botanical Powerhouse

With over 200 species worldwide and a history of use dating back to ancient times, plantain is as versatile as it is unassuming. The leaves and seeds of this plant offer an impressive array of benefits, allowing it to be a go-to remedy for many everyday ailments.

Taste: Slightly bitter, earthy, and "green"

Energetics: Cooling, moistening, mildly tonifying

Actions: Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, demulcent, emollient, expectorant, hepatoprotective, vulnerary

Ideal for: Digestive health, respiratory support, skin care, urinary tract health

Parts used: Leaves and seeds (psyllium)

How to Identify Plantain

Recognizing plantain in the wild is key. Plantago major (broadleaf plantain) features wide, oval leaves with prominent parallel veins, growing in a rosette close to the ground. Plantago lanceolata (narrowleaf plantain) has long, lance-shaped leaves with similar veining, often accompanied by slender flower spikes. Both species thrive in disturbed areas like lawns, paths, and roadsides, making them easy to find. Always harvest from clean, pesticide-free areas.

Plantain for Everyday Ailments

First Aid

Plantain is a must-have for minor injuries and skin irritations. For itchy bug bites, stings, scrapes, or rashes, a fresh leaf poultice works wonders. Simply chew a leaf (or mash it with a mortar and pestle) and apply it directly to the affected area. This “spit poultice” draws out toxins, reduces inflammation, and promotes healing. For a more convenient option, keep a plantain-infused oil or salve in your herbal first-aid kit to soothe burns, wounds, or rashes.

Stomach and Digestive Support

Plantain’s soothing, mucilaginous properties extend to the digestive system. A warm cup of plantain tea can ease acid reflux, gastritis, leaky gut symptoms, or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by supporting mucous membrane health. The seeds, known as psyllium, are rich in fiber and act as a gentle bulking agent, relieving both constipation and diarrhea. (If you’ve used Metamucil®, you’ve experienced psyllium’s benefits!)

Respiratory Relief

For dry coughs, seasonal allergies, or sinus congestion, plantain’s expectorant and anti-inflammatory properties shine. Steep leaves overnight in water for a potent cold-infusion that loosens mucus and soothes irritated respiratory tissues. Alternatively, massage plantain-infused oil over the throat and eustachian tubes to encourage sinus drainage and provide comfort.

Simple Ways to Use Plantain

• Tea: Steep 2 tsp of leaves in hot water for 15 minutes (or overnight for a stronger infusion) to support gut, respiratory, or urinary health.

• Poultice: Chew or mash fresh leaves and apply to bites, cuts, or rashes for immediate relief.

• Infused Oil: Infuse wilted or dried leaves in oil for topical use on congested sinuses or sore skin.

• Salve: Combine infused oil with beeswax for a portable, soothing balm.

• Wound Wash: Brew a strong plantain tea to cleanse minor wounds or add to bathwater for hemorrhoid relief.

• Tincture: Take a few drops to support digestion or respiratory wellness.

• Edible Greens: Add young, tender leaves to salads or smoothies for a nutrient boost.

Targeted Applications

Topical Uses

• Scrapes, Cuts, and Splinters: Apply a spit poultice or soak the area in a strong plantain tea as a wound wash to cleanse, draw out debris, and promote healing.

• Stings, Bites, and Rashes: Use a plantain salve or a paste made from blending powdered dried leaves, bentonite clay (or baking soda) and water (or witch hazel) to reduce itching and inflammation. Leave the paste on for 20-30 minutes, then rinse off with cool water.

• Splinters and Beestings: Put on a drop or two of plantain tincture and cover it with a band-aid to coax the splinter or stinger out.

• Hemorrhoids and Postpartum Tears: Create a soothing sitz bath with plantain leaves, sea salt, and calming herbs like calendula or rose petals.

• Sinus and Throat Relief: Gently massage plantain-infused oil over the throat, sinuses, and eustachian tubes using light, downward strokes.

• Eye Compress: If there is concern about an eye infection, consult a medical professional. To soothe irritated eyes, brew a tea with plantain and chamomile or echinacea, soak a clean cloth in it, and apply as a compress over the eyes.

  
  

Internal Uses

Plantain excels internally, particularly for inflammatory conditions. For acne or other skin issues, the regular use of plantain tea or tincture can reduce inflammation from within, promoting clearer skin. A strong tea (2 tsp leaves per cup of just-boiled water, steeped overnight) can also help with:

• Inflamed mucosa (respiratory or digestive)

• Dry, hacking coughs or thick mucus

• Upset stomach, acid reflux, or leaky gut

• Canker sores or sore throat (use as a gargle)

Plantain is generally regarded as safe; incorporating it into a daily routine as a tonic can be very beneficial for individuals susceptible to ailments concerning the liver, gall bladder, urinary tract, digestive health, or seasonal allergies.

Plantain Recipes

Plantain Soothing Cubes

• 1 part plantain leaves (fresh or dried)

• 1 part lavender (fresh or dried)

Brew a strong tea using 2 Tbsp herb per cup of water and steep 4-8 hours. Strain, pour into ice cube trays, and freeze. Rub a cube gently over minor burns, sunburns, scrapes, bites, or irritated skin until melted, then let air dry. Provides cooling relief and promotes healing for skin irritations.

Plantain Gut Tea

• 1 part dried plantain leaves

• 1 part fennel seeds

• 1 part calendula

• pinch of dried orange peel

• pinch of cinnamon chips

Brew 2 tsp of the tea blend in 6-8 oz of hot water for 10-15 minutes (or 4-6 hours for a stronger infusion). Drink 1-2 cups daily, as desired. Supports digestion, reduces bloating, and soothes gut inflammation.

Plantain Hair Rinse

• 1 part wilted or dried plantain

• 1 part rosemary

• Apple cider vinegar

Fill a mason jar about half-full with herbs, and cover with apple cider vinegar, cover with a plastic lid. Allow to infuse for 2-4 weeks, then strain off the herbs. Dilute with water and pour over hair after shampooing, leave for 1-2 minutes, and rinse out. Calms an irritated scalp and promotes hair growth.

Soothing Skin Salve

• 1 part wilted or dried plantain

• 1 part wilted or dried purple dead nettle or self-heal

• 1 part wilted or dried calendula

• jojoba oil

• coconut or babassu oil

• beeswax

Fill a clean jar about half-full with the herbs, then top with a 50:50 blend of jojoba oil and coconut (or babassu) oil. Place the jar in a double boiler on the stovetop and heat over low heat, stirring occasionally. Allow to infuse over the heat for at least 6 hours. Strain out the herbs and measure the volume of infused oil. Add beeswax to the oil at a rate of 1 oz beeswax per 4 oz of oil. Return to the double boiler, melt the beeswax, then pour into small jars or tins. Let it cool completely before capping and labeling. Store in a cool, dark place for up to 1 year. Soothes dry, irritated, or wounded skin.

A Humble Herb with a Big Heart

Despite its incredible range of benefits, plantain does not demand attention. It grows quietly along well-trodden paths, offering its soothing to those who take the time to notice. Sometimes, the best remedies are the ones we overlook. Next time you see this common weed growing along the path or nestled in your backyard, take a moment to gather a little. With its ability to soothe and support, plantain is a wonderful addition to every home apothecary, right next to calendula, rose petals, lemon balm, catnip, chamomile, mallow, and chickweed.